Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis 130:175–182 Ouaz K, Robier A, Lescanne E, Bobillier C, Moriniere S, Bakhos D (2013) Cancer of the external auditory canal.

National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2019) Head and neck cancers (version 2.2019). Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 128:93–94 Hirsch BE (2002) Staging system revision. World Health OrganizationĪrriaga M, Curtin H, Takahashi H, Hirsch BE, Kamerer DB (1990) Staging proposal for external auditory meatus carcinoma based on preoperative clinical examination and computed tomography findings. World Health Organization (1978) International classification of diseases: ninth revision, basic tabulation list with alphabetic index. Otol Neurotol 35(3):501–508īacciu A, Clemente IA, Piccirillo E, Ferrari S, Sanna M (2013) Guidelines for treating temporal bone carcinoma based on long-term outcomes. Masterson L, Rouhani M, Donnelly NP, Tysome JR, Patel P, Jefferies SJ, Roques T, Scrase C, Mannion R, Macfarlane R, Hardy D, Durrani A, Price R, Marker A, Axon P, Moffat DA (2014) Squamous carcinoma of the temporal bone: clinical outcomes from radical surgery and postoperative radiotherapy. Seligman KL, Sun DQ, Ten-Eyck PP, Schlarick NM, Hansen MR (2019) Temporal bone carcinoma: treatment patterns and survival. Gidley PW, Roberts DB, Sturgis EM (2010) Squamous cell carcinoma of the temporal bone. Wierzbicka M, Niemczyk K, Bruzgielewicz A, Durko M, Klatka J, Kopeć T, Osuch-Wójcikiewicz E, Pietruszewska W, Szymanski M, Szyfter W (2017) Multicenter experiences in temporal bone cancer surgery based on 89 cases. Park JM, Kong JS, Chang KH, Jun BC, Jeon EJ, Park SY, Park SN, Park KH (2018) The clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of carcinoma of the external auditory canal: a multicenter study. Zeroni L (1899) Ueber das Carcinom des Gehoerorganes. Politzer A (1883) Textbook of diseases of the ear. Kretschmann F (1887) Ueber Carcinoma das Schlafenbeines. Lobo D, Llorente JL, Suárez C (2008) Squamous cell carcinoma of the external auditory canal. Moody SA, Hirsch BE, Myers EN (2000) Squamous cell carcinoma of the external auditory canal: an evaluation of a staging system. Conclusionīased on the available evidence in this review, individuals aged < 60, facial nerve impairment, advanced stage lesions, presence of lymphovascular invasion and squamous cell carcinoma histology are all associated with poor outcome and may be considered when discussing optimal treatment strategies in patients with EAC carcinoma. Survival rates were higher in early stage patients ( p = 0.021) and in those without facial palsy ( p = 0.032).

Median overall survival was 88 months and estimated 2-year and 5-year overall survival rates were both 66%. Four patients (14.8%) showed recurrence recurrence rate was significantly higher in individuals aged < 60 years ( p = 0.025) and with lymphovascular invasion ( p = 0.049). Median follow-up period was 21 months (interquartile-range: 47). Pittsburgh tumour staging was distributed as early stage in 51.9% (I: 40.7% II: 11.1%) and advanced stage in 48.1% (III: 29.6% IV: 18.5%). Squamous cell carcinoma (55.6%) was the most common histological type, followed by basal cell carcinoma (40.7%) and ceruminous adenocarcinoma (3.7%). Twenty-seven patients were identified, with a median age of 77 years (range 29–92 years) and a slight female predominance (59.3%). Epidemiological, clinical, histopathological and surgical data were retrieved from clinical records and analysed. Retrospective observational study enrolling all patients with primary EAC carcinoma who underwent primary surgical treatment at the Portuguese Institute of Oncology (Lisbon) between 20. This study aims to evaluate the clinical characteristics and long-term outcomes of EAC carcinoma in a tertiary referral centre in a period of 15 years and identify independent prognostic factors. Evidence-based treatment recommendations for external auditory canal (EAC) carcinoma are lacking in available literature.

Auditory canal function